The Most Notable Geological Discoveries of the 21st Century

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The 21st century has ushered in a new wave of fresh and exciting geological discoveries. Paul Favret looks back at some of these discoveries and comments on their significance here:

• In 2003, scientists discovered what is now known as the Kavachi volcano, which is located off the coast of Papua New Guinea. This particular volcano is one of the most active underwater volcanoes ever found and is constantly spewing forth volcanic material.

• In 2004, scientists discovered a massive undersea canyon that runs for over 3,000 miles along the Atlantic Ocean floor.

• In 2006, scientists discovered an enormous ice sheet that covers an area of Antarctica twice the size of Texas. This ice sheet is so big that it has the potential to raise global sea levels by up to 20 feet if it were to melt.

• In 2007, scientists discovered what is now known as the world's largest volcano. This volcano, called Mauna Kea, is in Hawaii and taller than Mount Everest when measured from its base, Paul Favret notes.

• In 2009, scientists discovered an enormous impact crater that is believed to have been caused by a meteorite striking the Earth about 3.8 billion years ago. This crater, called Vredefort Crater, is in South Africa and is the largest impact crater ever found on Earth.

• In September 2015, NASA announced that it had found evidence of flowing water on Mars. According to Paul Favret, this discovery could be a significant step in the search for extraterrestrial life.

• In February 2018, astronomers discovered an exoplanet that could be habitable. This so-called "super-Earth" is just 11 light-years away from Earth, making it one of the closest potentially habitable planets.

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These are just some of the major geological discoveries this century. Paul Favret notes that as the quest for new knowledge and discoveries never stops, we can anticipate more exciting discoveries in the years ahead.

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